What is Macintosh (Mac)?

The story of the Mac OS is the story of Apple, the company and its philosophy, not only the development of the Macintosh system. In 1976, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak started Apple.

By 1981, Apple had released several systems that were able to understand DOS running ProDOS and AppleSoft Basic.

Apple was working on a new kind of operating system and found Parc from Xerox, Palo Alto, California. They were making a new type of operating system that used a graphic user interface (GUI) and not only text. Apple's co-founder Jobs offered them some of Apple's stock for the rights to the operating system. Since Xerox main office refused the operating system, they gladly agreed to do so in 1982.

In January 1983, Apple released two systems. One of them was the Apple Lisa, that ran Lisa OS and Lisa Office System. Named after Jobs' daughter, the Lisa was $9,995 so not many people bought it, but Apple knew the idea was good and continued developing it. The other system was the Apple IIe for $1,395.

In 1984, Apple decided to release the Macintosh 128k (Macintosh 1.0; commonly referred to as Mac) for $2,495, much cheaper than the Lisa and had more applications than the Lisa. About that time, Apple had Microsoft develop some software for the Mac, but they borrowed their idea and came out with Windows shortly after, a big mistake from Apple.

In 1985, the Lisa 2 and Macintosh system 2.0 were released. Apple lost its founders, Wozniak in February and Jobs in September. Jobs started a new computer company called NeXT with the dream of changing the world, by having a great and sleek looking computer in a black case. The NeXT and NeXT operating systems were great but sold poorly. The NeXT would help Jobs and Apple make the Mac OS X, based on Unix (a project known as Darwin).

In 1986, Apple released the Mac OS 3.0 in January, 3.1 in February and 3.2 in June. Japanese and Arabic versions of the Macintosh System were introduced.

In 1987, Mac OS 3.3 was released in January with AppleShare (proprietary networking protocol). About the same time, AppleShare file server was also released. Apple also released Mac OS 4.0 in March, Mac 4.1 in April, Mac 4.2 (System Software 5.0) in October and Macintosh System Software 5.1 in November.

In 1988, Apple once again foresaw its own future with Unix, releasing A/UX (Apple Unix) in February. Apple released System 6.0. Mac OS 6 was a great OS and many artists and musicians bought it. On the hardware side, FDHD (SuperDrive, high-density floppy drive) was released with the Apple IIx and SE 2/40. Former co-founder of Apple, Steve Jobs released the first NeXT system called the NeXT Cube.

In 1989, the first 32-bit Mac system was released, the Mac IIci. That same year Microsoft was working on the Intel 16-bit 80486 processor to release Windows 3.0 the following year. That same year, the first Apple portable computer was released, the Portable. Still trying to make on his own, Steve Jobs released the next generation of the NeXT system called the NeXTstep.

In 1991, Apple released the "most used classic Mac OS," OS 7.0. This allowed the users to have more performance from their Mac systems. QuickTime was also introduced this year.

In 1992, Mac 7.1 was released facing competition from Windows 3.1 and NeXTstep 3.0 and NeXTstep 486.

In 1993, Apple released the first Newton (hand-held device) in August and Mac 7.1 Pro in October.

In 1994, Mac 7.5 was released in June. Compatibility with DOS continued with 610 and 6100 systems. Aside from end user systems, Apple continued supporting work groups with the Workgroup Server 6150, 8150 and 9150.

In 1995, legal Mac clones were released.

In 1996, Apple released Mac 7.5.5 in October and buys NeXT in December. The purchase of NeXT was one Apple's best decisions ever bringing Steve Jobs back to the company that he created.

In 1997, Mac 7.6 was released in January. Jobs came back to Apple originally as an advisor in January and then as the CEO in September.

In 1998, the Newton is discontinued. Apple released Mac 8.1 and the iMac in August with a very unique advertising campaign asking people to switch to the Mac OS. iMac became the most sold personal computer in history making 1997 the most profitable year since 1985. In October, Mac 8.5 was released.

In 1999, Apple released Mac X Server in March and Mac 8.6 in April. Although that year the computer market had AMD push the 800 MHz mark (Intel not that far behind), the fastest Mac only had a 500 MHz. In a market that dominated by the speed of the processor, Apple still held a descent market share.

In 2000, the Power Mac G4 Cube was released. The machine was different than the bulky computers many manufacturers were introducing to the market. The G4 Cube looked cool. Like many sports cars, it looked good, but it was impractical. That same year, Apple released a Beta version of Mac OS X in September.

In 2001, Apple released the highly anticipated Unix-based Mac OS X in March and Mac OS X version 10.1 in September. Apple also released the Power Mac G4 with 733 MHz, 867 MHz or dual 800 MHz processors. Apple released iPod, the music the device that changed the music industry and redefined cool in November, just for the Holiday season (great marketing).

In 2002, the first 1 GHz Power Mac G4 was released (actually dual 1 GHz) in January. That same year, Intel released processors running at 3.06 GHz. Apple also released iPod for Windows 2000 and XP in July and Mac OS X version 10.2 (marketed as Jaguar) in August.

In 2003, Mac OS X version 10.2.4 was released in February followed by Mac OS X version 10.3 (marketed as Panther) in October. The iTunes Music Store opened in April with 13,000,000 songs sold by October. Several companies have tried to sell music on-line, but have fallen short.

In 2004, Apple released iPod Mini in February. Apple reported selling 100,000,000 songs sold by July 2004 and 1,000,000 videos sold by October 2005 through the iTunes Music Store.

On April 2005, Apple released Mac OS X version 10.4 (marketed as Tiger) based on the OpenDarwin project (Mach (micro)kernel, same as GNU/Hurd running some FreeBSD and OpenBSD daemons and services).

On June 2005, Apple opted to port its OS to Intel processors, phasing out PowerPC processors by the end of 2007.

Since I am new to the Mac OS, if there are any errors on this page, contact me.